Dwarka Expressway PKG-1 · year-round simulator · slab physics + calibrated field model
Ttunnel = 1.107 × T7 + 6.88 °C (R² = 0.99, SCADA Jan/Feb/Jun 2026), solar-modulated. Weather: synthetic Delhi year, 8,760 h, built from IMD Safdarjung normals and shaped to 2026 events (Apr 23–25 & Jun 28–29 heat waves, Jun 9 peak). Replace with AWS export when available.
Year explorer — scrub 8,760 hours of weather
Using built-in synthetic year. CSV format: one row per hour starting 1 Jan 00:00; columns = datetime (optional), temperature °C, GHI W/m² (optional); comma/semicolon/tab separated; header row allowed.
📅 🌡 outside now ☀ solar 7-day mean T7 7-day solar Mid-JanApr 23 heat waveJun 9 peakJun 28 · 21:00 complaintMonsoonNov smog season
Red line = predicted tunnel air (daily mean, with your levers) · grey = outside daily mean · bands: amber ≥38 °C advisory, red ≥42 °C complaint zone · ▼ = 28 June complaint · drag the slider or click the chart
Mitigation levers — play here
🧊 Slab insulation
Thermal break in roof build-up. R₀=0.71; 50 mm XPS triples resistance. Design-stage decision.
🎨 Cool pavement
≈3.3 °C lower road surface per +0.10 albedo. Cheap; also cools the street.
700 m³/s of cooler night air discharges the slab: ~100 MWh per 8 h. Zero capital. Auto-skipped when ΔT<5 °C.
Insulation: f=R₀/(R₀+t/0.035). Cool pavement: −3.3 °C surface per +0.10 albedo on the solar share. Spray: 6 °C per mm/day equivalent, capped 15 °C, derated ×0.4 in monsoon. Purge −0.3 °C/h when night ΔT ≥5 °C. Slab solar share modulated by 7-day GHI.
Tunnel cross-section · CH 3+000 (TVS R10 geometry) — view along the tunnel axis, vehicle fronts
Prediction & alarm
°C
2038 advisory42 required48
offset above outside: (vehicles + slab + ground)
Baseline this hour (no levers)
You saved
Purge advisor tonight
Hours ≥42 °C / year
Hours ≥38 °C / year
Annual purge energy
Annual spray water
Thermal comfort — ISO 7730 (PMV/PPD)
Mean radiant temp (slab soffit)
Tunnel humidity (moisture-conserved)
Feels-like (apparent temp)
PMV
−3 cold0 neutral+3 hot
PPD — people dissatisfied
Afternoons PPD ≥ 80% / year
Rider: 1.8 met, 0.6 clo, v = 1.0 m/s (PMV validity limit — at speed, riders feel hot air blast, not relief). Car w/o AC: 1.1 met, 0.5 clo, v = 0.15 m/s. MRT = air + 0.47 × slab term (soffit radiant load). Note: PMV saturates at +3.5 — in peak summer compare levers via feels-like and air temp (heat-stress indices like WBGT govern beyond ISO 7730\u2019s domain); PMV/PPD discriminate best in shoulder seasons.
Challenge: a complaint-free year
Baseline year has hours in the red zone. Kill them all with the cheapest lever mix.
